Policy Briefs

“Firefighting To Freedom”: California’s New Laws Redefine Incarcerated Labor

In a historic shift for California’s incarcerated workforce, Governor Gavin Newsom signed five bills on October 13, 2025, as part of a seven-bill package known as “Firefighting to Freedom.” The legislation expands pay, protections, and post-release opportunities for incarcerated people who serve as firefighters. It also marks the state’s most comprehensive overhaul of its incarcerated firefighting system.